Vocabulary
Greek | Meaning | Notes |
---|---|---|
ἀντιχριστος, ὁ | antichrist | |
ἀρνέομαι | I deny | |
ἐπαγγέλλω | I announce | |
οἶδα | I know (by seeing) | perfect tense of obsolete εἴδω ; always used with the force of the present tense |
ὁμολογέω | I confess | to say the same thing as |
φανερόω | I make manifest | |
χρῖσμα, -ατος, τό | anointing | |
ψεῦδος, -ους, τό | lie, an untruth |
Lexical Study
- An infinitive is a verbal noun that is not inflected
- The infinitive as a verb
- Character: As a verb, the infinitive has voice and tense.
- Usage: As a verb, the infinitive may take an object and it may be modified by adverbs.
- To express the purpose of the main verb
- μὴ νομίσητε ὅτι ἦλθον καταλῦσαι τὸν νόμον.
- καταλῦσαι is an aorist active infinitive (indicates the purpose of the action)
- νομίσητε is aorist subjunctive, 2nd person plural (prohibits the starting of the action)
- Do not start to conclude that I have come to destroy the law.
- To express the result of the main verb
- ἐγένετο ὡσεὶ νεκρός, ὥστε τοὺς πολλοὺς λέγειν ὅτι ἀπέθανεν
- He became as a dead man, so that many said he had died.
- The noun or pronoun indicating the persons involved in producing the action of an infinitive is always in the accusative case. τοὺς πολλοὺς is accusative.
- To express temporal ideas
- "Before" is expressed by πρίν + the infinitive, πρὶν ἤ + the infinitive, or πρὸ τοῦ + the infinitive
- Κύριε, κατάβηθι πρὶν ἀποθανεῖν τὸ παιδίον μου.
- Literally: Lord, come down before to die the child of me.
- Thus: Lord, come down before my child dies
- "While" is expressed by ἐν τῷ + the infinitive
- ἐθαύμαζον ἐν τῷ χρονίζειν ἐν τῷ ναῷ αὐτόν.
- They were wondering while he was delaying in the temple.
- After is expressed by μετὰ τό + the infinitive
- παρέστησεν ἑαυτὸν ζῶντα μετὰ τὸ παθεῖν αὐτόν.
- He showed himself alive after his suffering.
- "Before" is expressed by πρίν + the infinitive, πρὶν ἤ + the infinitive, or πρὸ τοῦ + the infinitive
- To express cause, διὰ τό + the infinitive is used.
- οὐκ ἔχετε διὰ τὸ μὴ αἰτεῖσθαι ὑμᾶς
- You have not because you ask not.
- The infinitive as a noun
- Character: Originally it was inflected as a noun, but the inflection has been lost
- Usage: The infinitive may be used in any was a noun can be used.
- As the subject of a finite verb
- οὐχ ὑμῶν ἐστιν γνῶναι χρόνους ἤ καιρούς
- Literally: not yours is to know the times or seasons
- Better: To know times or seasons is not yours.
- As the direct object of a verb
- ὁ ̓Ιησοῦς ἤρξατο ποιεῖν καὶ διδάσκειν
- Jesus began to do and to teach.
- As the indirect object of a verb
- ἔχω σοί τι εἰπεῖν
- I have something [τι is direct object] to say [εἰπεῖν is indirect object] to you.
- As an appositional substantive
- θρησκεία καθαρὰ ... αὕτη ἐστίν, ἐπισκέπτεσθαι ὀρφανοὺς ...
- Pure religion ... is this, to visit orphans ...
- As a modifier
- ἧλθεν ὁ καιρὸς τῶν νεκρῶν κριῆναι
- The time of the dead to be judged has come.
Translate the following:
I John 2:18-29
- Παιδία, ἐσχάτη ὥρα ἐστίν, καὶ καθὼς ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἀντίχριστος ἔρχεται, καὶ νῦν ἀντίχριστοι πολλοὶ γεγόνασιν, ὅθεν γινώσκομεν ὅτι ἐσχάτη ὥρα ἐστίν.
- ἐξ ἡμῶν ἐξῆλθαν ἀλλ᾿ οὐκ ἦσαν ἐξ ἡμῶν· εἰ γὰρ ἐξ ἡμῶν ἦσαν, μεμενήκεισαν ἂν μεθ᾿ ἡμῶν· ἀλλ᾿ ἵνα φανερωθῶσιν ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν πάντες ἐξ ἡμῶν.
- καὶ ὑμεῖς χρῖσμα ἔχετε ἀπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου οἴδατε πάντες.
- οὐκ ἔγραψα ὑμῖν ὅτι οὐκ οἴδατε τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἀλλ᾿ ὅτι οἴδατε αὐτὴν καὶ ὅτι πᾶν ψεῦδος ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας οὐκ ἔστιν.
- Τίς ἐστιν ὁ ψεύστης εἰ μὴ ὁ ἀρνούμενος ὅτι Ἰησοῦς οὐκ ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός; οὗτος ἐστιν ὁ ἀντίχριστος, ὁ ἀρνούμενος τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὸν υἱόν.
- πᾶς ὁ ἀρνούμενος τὸν υἱὸν οὐδὲ τὸν πατέρα ἔχει, ὁ ὁμολογῶν τὸν υἱὸν καὶ τὸν πατέρα ἔχει.
- ὑμεῖς ὁ ἠκούσατε ἀπ᾿ ἀρχῆς ἐν ὑμῖν μενέτω. ἐὰν ἐν ὑμῖν μείνῃ ὁ ἀπ᾿ ἀρχῆς ἠκούσατε, καὶ ὑμεῖς ἐν τῷ υἱῷ καὶ ἐν τῷ πατρὶ μενεῖτε.
- καὶ αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ ἐπαγγελία ἣν αὐτὸς ἐπηγγείλατο ἡμῖν, τὴν ζωὴν τὴν αἰώνιον. 26 Ταῦτα ἔγραψα ὑμῖν περὶ τῶν πλανώντων ὑμᾶς.
- καὶ ὑμεῖς τὸ χρῖσμα ὃ ἔλαβετε ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ, μένει ἐν ὑμῖν καὶ οὐ χρείαν ἔχετε ἵνα τις διδάσκῃ ὑμᾶς, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς τὸ αὐτοῦ χρῖσμα διδάσκει ὑμᾶς περὶ πάντων καὶ ἀληθές ἐστιν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ψεῦδος, καὶ καθὼς ἐδίδαξεν ὑμᾶς, μένετε ἐν αὐτῷ.
- καὶ νῦν, τεκνία, μένετε ἐν αὐτῷ, ἵνα ἐὰν φανερωθῇ σχῶμεν παρρησίαν καὶ μὴ αἰσχυνθῶμεν ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ αὐτοῦ.
- ἐὰν εἰδῆτε ὅτι δίκαιός ἐστιν, γινώσκετε ὅτι καὶ πᾶς ὁ ποιῶν τὴν δικαιοσύνην ἐξ αὐτοῦ γεγέννηται.