Greek | Meaning | Notes |
---|---|---|
Feminine verbs of the ε, ι, ρ type | ||
ἀλήθεια | truth | Cognate: alethiology is the study of truth |
ἁμαρτία | sin | Cognate: hamartiology is the study of sin |
βασιλεία | kingdom | Cognate: basilica is a royal building |
ἐκκλησία | church, assembly | Cognate: ecclesiology |
ἡμέρα | day | Cognate: ephemeral means lasting for only a day |
Feminine verbs of the sibilant type | ||
γλῶσσα | tongue | Cognate: glossary, glossolalia is the phenomenon of speaking in tongues |
δόξα | glory | Cognate: doxology |
θάλασσα | sea, lake | Cognate: thalassic means of or relating to the sea; thalassocracy means maritime supremacy |
Feminine verbs of the standard type | ||
ἀγάπη | love | |
γραφή | writing, Scripture | Cognate: graphic, graphite, graphology is the study of handwriting |
διδαχή | teaching | Cognate: didactics is systematic teaching |
δικαιοσύνη | righteousness, justice | |
εἰρήνη | peace | Cognate: Irene; irenic means conducive to or operating toward peace |
ἐντολή | commandment | |
κώμη | village, town | |
παραβολή | parable |
Feminine alpha-stems
- Feminine alpha-stems in the singular are created according to the following pattern:
Singular ε, ι, ρ λλ/σ standard NOM ἡμέρα δόξα ἀγάπη GEN ἡμέρας δόξης ἀγάπης DAT ἡμέρᾳ δόξῃ ἀγάπῃ ACC ἡμέραν δόξαν ἀγάπην
- Notice that the feminine alpha-stems in the singular (not plural) are formed according to the following rules:
- Determine the stem by knocking off the last letter of the vocabulary word—either α or η.
- Add the appropriate case ending vowel to the stem—either α or η.
- ε, ι, ρ: After knocking off the α or η, if the stem ends in one of the following letters ε, ι, or ρ then the appropriate case ending vowel is always α.
- Sibilant: If the stem ends in λλ or one of the sibilants (σ, ξ, ψ, or ζ) then the appropriate case ending vowel will be α,η,η,α in the NOM, GEN, DAT, ACC cases respectively.
- Standard or "all the rest": If the stem does not fit conditions one and two above (i.e., it does not end in ε, ι, ρ, λλ, σ, ξ, ψ, or ζ), then the appropriate case ending vowel is always η.
- Add case endings to the word.
- Memorize the following: "blank, sigma, iota subscript, nu"
- As you go from NOM to ACC, add the case endings:
- to the NOM add nothing (a blank)
- to the GEN add a sigma
- to the DAT add an iota subscript
- to the ACC add a nu.
- Suppose you wanted to make the NOM, GEN, DAT, ACC singular forms of the following:
- ἀλήθεια:
- Knock off the final vowel to get the stem.
- The stem ends in ι, thus we need to add alpha to each of the four cases.
- Then we add blank, sigma, iota subscript, and nu.
- Thus the endings are -α, -ας, -ᾳ, -αν.
- As a result we have ἀλήθεια, ἀλήθειας, ἀλήθειᾳ, ἀλήθειαν.
- γλῶσσα:
- The stem ends in σ, thus the endings are -α, -ης, -ῃ, -αν.
- As a result we have γλῶσσα, γλῶσσης, γλῶσσῃ, γλῶσσαν.
- γραφή:
- The stem ends in φ, thus the endings are -η, -ης, -ῃ, -ην.
- As a result we have γραφή, γραφής, γραφῄ, γραφήν.
- ἀλήθεια:
- Feminine alpha-stems in the plural are formed according to the following rules:
- For the plural endings, it does not matter if the stem ends in any of the categories mentioned for the singular.
- To the stem add -αι, -ων, -αις, -ας in the NOM, GEN, DAT, ACC cases.
- Observe the pattern for the plural
Plural ε, ι, ρ λλ/σ standard NOM ἡμέραι δόξαι ἀγάπαι GEN ἡμερῶν δοξῶν ἀγαπῶν DAT ἡμέραις δόξαις ἀγάπαις ACC ἡμέρας δόξας ἀγάπας
- The pattern is the same throughout:
- NOM -αι
- GEN -ων
- DAT -αις
- ACC -ας
- τὸ τέκνον φεύγει ἀπὸ [from] τῆν ἐκκλησίαν.
- ἀκούετε τῆν θάλασσαν τῇ κώμῃ;
- ὁ ἀδελφὸς καὶ ἡ παρθένος βάλλουσι λίθους.
- βασιλεία γινώσκει ἀλήθειαν.
- ἄνθρωποι γράφουσιν ἐντολὰς καὶ νόμους.
- υἱοὶ δούλου λέγουσι παραβολὴν ἐκκλησίᾳ.
- Give the singular endings of the following:
- e.g., ἡμέρα: -α, -ας, -ᾳ, -αν
- διδαχή
- δικαιοσύνη
- ἐκκλησία
- ἐντολή
- θάλασσα
- κώμη
- παραβολή
- εἰρήνη
- ἁμαρτία
- βασιλεία
Feminine stems that end in -ησις
SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
---|---|---|
NOM | -ησις | -ησεις |
GEN | -ηεως | -ησεων |
DAT | -ησει | -ησεσι |
ACC | -ησιν | -ησεις |