LESSON 21
THIRD DECLENSION VOWEL STEM

Greek	Meaning	Notes
ἀνάστασις, ἀναστσέως, ἡ	resurrection	Cognate: Anastasia
γνῶσις, γνώσεως, ἡ	knowledge
δύναμις, δυνάμεως, ἡ	power	Cognate: dynamite
κρίσις, κρίσεως, ἡ	judgment	Cognate: critic, crisis
πίστις, πίστεως, ἡ	faith
πόλις, πόλεως, ἡ	city	metropolitan, political
ἄστυ, ἄστεως, τό	town
στάσις, στάσεως, ἡ	dissension
ἱερεύς, ἱερέως, ὁ	priest
ἀρχιερεύς, ἀρχιερέως, ὁ	chief priest
βασιλεύς, βασιλέως, ὁ	king
γραμματεύς, γραμματέως, ὁ	scribe
ἁλιεύς, ἁλιέως, ὀ	fisherman
ἰχθύς, ἰχθύος, ὁ	fish
στάχυς, στάχυος, ὁ	ear of corn
δάκρυ, δάκρυος, τό	teardrop
ναῦς, νεώς, ἡ	ship	nautical
βοῦς, βοός, ὁ or ἡ	bull, cow	bossy

Lexical Study

1. Third declension vowel stem nouns end in ι, υ, or a diphthong and follow a similar pattern as the previously studied third declensions.

The ι-stem nouns

Singular
NOM	πίστις	δύναμις	πόλις
GEN	πίστεως	δυνάμεως	πόλεως
DAT	πίστει	δυνάμει	πόλει
ACC	πίστιν	δύναμιν	πόλιν
VOC	πίστι	δύναμι	πόλι
Plural
NOM	πίστεις	δυνάμεις	πόλεις
GEN	πίστεων	δυνάμεων	πόλεων
DAT	πίστεσι	δυνάμεσι	πόλεσι
ACC	πίστεις	δυνάμεις	πόλεις
VOC	πίστεις	δυνάμεις	πόλεις

1. 1. They are all feminine
   2. The stem is found by removing the ς in the Nominative singular
   3. ε replaces the final ι except in the Nominative, Accusative, and Vocative singular.
   4. ε unites with ι in the Dative singular to form a diphthong
   5. εις in the Nominative plural and Accusative plural is the result of the contraction of εες and εας respectively
   6. The accent of the Genitive singular and plural is irregular.

The υ-stem nouns

Singular
NOM	ἰχθύς, ὁ	ἄστυ, τό	δάκυ, τό
GEN	ἰχθύος	ἄστεως	δάκεως
DAT	ἰχθύι	ἄστει	δάκει
ACC	ἰχθύν	ἄστυ	δάκυ
VOC	ἰχθύ	ἄστυ	δάκυ
Plural
NOM	ἰχθύες	ἄστη	δάκη
GEN	ἰχθύων	ἄστεων	δάκεων
DAT	ἰχθὐσι	ἄστεσι	δάκεσι
ACC	ἰχθύας or ἰχθῦς	ἄστη	δάκη
VOC	ἰχθύες	ἄστη	δάκη

1. The υ stem nouns of the third declension are
   1. Mostly masculine
   2. A few are feminine
   3. Very few neuter: δάκρυ and ἄστυ
   4. The stem is found by dropping the ς of the Nominative singular (except for the neuter word which already lacks the ς).

The diphthong stem nouns

	Singular	Plural
NOM	ἱερεύς	ἱερεῖς
GEN	ἱερέως	ἱερέων
DAT	ἱερεῖ	ἱερεῦσι
ACC	ἱερέα	ἱερεῖς
VOC	ἱερεῦ	ἱερεῖς

	Singular	Plural
NOM	βασιλεύς	βασιλεῖς
GEN	βασιλέως	βασιλέων
DAT	βασιλεῖ	βασιλῦσι
ACC	βασιλέα	βασιλεῖς
VOC	βασιλεῦ	βασιλεῖς

	Singular	Plural
NOM	βοῦς	βόες
GEN	βοός	βοῶν
DAT	βοΐ	βουσί
ACC	βοῦν	βοῦς
VOC	βοῦ	βόες

	Singular	Plural
NOM	ναῦς	νῆες
GEN	νεώς	νεῶν
DAT	νηΐ	ναυσί
ACC	ναῦν	ναῦς
VOC	ναῦ	νῆες

1. Those that end in ευς are all masculine
2. Locate the stem by removing the ς of the Nominative singular
3. The final υ of the stem is dropped before an ending with a vowel
4. In the Dative singular and the Nominative and Accusative plural, the same combinations as are found in the ι stem nouns appear.

Translate the following:

1. οἱ μαθηταὶ τοῦ κυρίου ἐσθίουσι ἄρτον καὶ ἰχθὺν καὶ στάχυας.
2. ὁ μεσσίας ἐκήρυσσε τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῖς ἁλιεῦσι καὶ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς ἔπεμπον τοὺς δούλους αὐτῶν ἀκούειν αὐτόν.
3. ἐσώθημεν τῇ χάριτι διὰ πίστεως.
4. ἐν τῇ πόλει ὁ βασιλεὺς μένει, οἱ δὲ ἁλιεῖς παρὰ τῇ θαλάσσῃ
5. ὁ θεὸς ἔχει τὴν δύναμιν κρίσεως ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ καὶ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ.
6. οἱ ἱερεῖς γινώσκουσι τὸν νόμον, ἀλλ̓ οὐ γινώσκουσι χάριν καὶ πίστιν.
7. ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει τοῦ χριστοῦ ἐλάβομεν ζωὴν καὶ εἰρήνην.
8. στάσις ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ ἐστὶ κακή.
9. ὁ βασιλεὺς ὁ ἀγαθὸς βλέπει τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ κυρίου.
10. λήμψεσθε δύναμιν ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἔσεσθε οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ.